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  1. Osborn, Joseph C. (Ed.)
    Integrated meaningful play is the idea that player’s choices should have a long-term effect on the game. In this paper we present I-score (for integrated), a scoring function for scoring integrative game play as a function of the game’s storylines. The I-scores are in the range [0,1]. In games with I-scores close to one, player’s early choices determine the game’s ending; choices made later in the game do not change the final ending of the game. In contrast, games with I-scores close to zero, players’s choices can change the ending until the very end. Games with scores closer to 0.5 provide a more balanced player choice whereby the game’s ending still can be changed despite early decisions, but not so much that the ending could be changed at any point. 
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